Tularemia is a bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis.
Who is susceptible?
- Dogs
- Cats
- Humans
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Rabbits
- Horses
How can you or your pet get this infection?
- Being bit by infected flies and ticks
- Touching or ingesting an infected animal
- Drinking contaminated water
- Mowing over an infected, deceased animal can push the bacteria into the air, where it can then be inhaled
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease, so humans can get infected via an infected animal, including your pet.
Where is this bacteria located?
- Tularemia is most common in the central and southern United States
- Infections have been reported in all states except Hawaii
What time of year are you and your animal most at risk?
- Infections occur more commonly from May through September
What are signs of illness in pets?
At AERC, we see this infection occur in cats more than dogs. It can take 3-5 days for signs to appear, and some animals show no signs of sickness. Common signs include:
- Fever – decreased energy, interaction, or appetite
- Swollen lymph nodes – swellings under the chin, near the shoulder, or behind the knee
- A single pimple at the site of infection
- Ulcerations in the mouth
- Jaundice
This infection can be fatal in pets, so please have your pet seen if you notice these signs!
What are signs of illness in humans?
Signs in humans may change depending on how you are exposed. The most common signs include:
- An ulcer at the site of infection
- Swollen lymph nodes – swellings in the armpit or groin
- Fever
Please see your doctor if you notice these symptoms. To see other symptoms of tularemia in humans, please visit the CDC website.
How is this infection diagnosed in animals?
A sample from an ulcer, pimple, or the mouth is collected and sent to a lab. Results can take at least two business days.
What happens if your pet is sick with tularemia?
At AERC, we have special isolation units where infected pets are hospitalized to receive IV fluids and antibiotics. These isolation units provide a comfortable space for your pet to receive the attention and supportive care they need while keeping our medical team safe. You can expect your pet to stay with us for at least 2-3 days.
How can you prevent tularemia for you and your pet?
- Use insect repellent to discourage tularemia-carrying insects
- Keep dogs and cats indoors
- Avoid contact with wild animals and wear gloves when handling wildlife
- Cook game meat thoroughly
- Avoid mowing over deceased animals who may carry tularemia
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